IAS, KAS Jammu Kashmir | Kashmir Administrative Services

Digital India This scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 1july 2015 under the ministry of communication and information technology. Currently 15.1% of population is internet user in India, and by 2020 it will be doubled .its motto is “power to empower “. The main motive of digital India are 1- To digitally empower the people of India. 2- To decrease the digital divide in  India at rural and urban digital infrastructure 3- To ensure that the government services reaches to the common  man directly 4- To connect the rural area with high speed internet about 2.50thousand gram panchayats are to be connected via optical fiber network 5- It will also lead to digital literacy among the people 6- It will also lead to some IT  jobs directly or indirectly about 10.2crore job opportunities 7- Just like highways and  waterways which connects  and deals with goods this will create I-ways ( information ways ) which will form information network.       Advent of digital Ind

ADMINISTERATION        UNDER      SHIVAJI the  Chatterpati  Shivaji  was the founder  the Maratha empire , he was a benevolent , just and brave   ruler who  worked   for his  home land and declared himself  the protector  of cow , Brahmin and Hindus . he kept tight  vigil over the general public and tried to wi their heart by courtesy  . his parents were shah ji bhosle , jija bai . He born in 1627 and died in 1680. FEATURES OF HIS ADMINISTERATION 1- He assigned   different responsibilities to different people to avoid concentration of power. 2- He had direct control with the cultivators   3- No office was hereditary   , as he tried to abolish   jagirdari also 4- There was no distinction, based on caste and  tribes .      PROVINCIAL ADMINISTERATION 1-  The empire was carved into four provinces for effective  management 2- The provinces were under the viceroys  named  mamlatdar 3- The provinces were further divided into several districts and several villages 4- The village w

Urea policy Urea policy was postulated by NDA Government in 2015, the main objective of urea policy is 1- To maximize indigenous urea production 2- Promoting energy efficiency in the urea unit to reduce the subsidy burden 3- 30 urea producing unit are to be setup or to be fitted with best available technology in the world 4- Under this the Government is aiming at to save subsidy worth 4829crore rupees 5- This policy is for the next 4 fiscal years 6-  Under it additional production of 2000000 ton of urea is to be realized 7- Currently India is importing 80mt of urea to meet the total demand of 310 lakhs ton which is to be curbed 8- Close nit at Gorakhpur, Baruani, Talchar, Ramagundam, are to revived or restored which will lead to production of additional 26lakh ton of urea production by each unit. 9- New concept of neem coated urea is propounded under which any unit can produce Neem coated urea up to 100% and it is mandatory to produce 75% 10- The main reasons for introducing

Devaluation of Indian rupee in 1966 on june 6 1966 or  6 -6-66 very crucial step was taken for Indian economy , when gov of india leaded by mrs Indira Gandhi devaluated Indian rupee by 36.5% . that gave rise to the value of American dollar by 57.4%  . this action by Indira Gandhi was criticized  , and condemn by the political parties who regarded it as  degrading of Indian esteem and self respect . CAUSES 1- In 1966 lal bahadur shastri died suddenly in Tashkent which leaded to uncertainity in Indian politics , amidst of it indra ganghi emerged victorious and become pm . 2- During this time india was reveged by series of drought through out india  which leaded to food insecurity and  spreading of  poverty . 3- For the first time india started importing rice and wheat for the first time which lead to depletion of Indian forex 4- Under food for peace program of usa , which aims at providing food to poor countries like india in their local currency 5- President lyndon Johnson  obl

Veda literature The word Vedas is derived from the word “vid” which means (to know), and the veda means Knowledge. The Hinduism Vedas are seen and considered as sacred and revered, and these are titled as “Apurushya” which mean, not made by men and these Vedas are also regarded as Nitya which means eternal, these Vedas are composed by Seers, Women’s and even shudras too. Vedas are regarded as very pure, and no one is allowed to alter or change, and not even anybody modify them. The Vedas not only have religious importance, but are very important in understanding the life of people during the Vedas period. The Vedic literature can be divided into three parts that are, 1- Samhita 2- Brahmana 3- upnishad   SAMHITA This comprise of four Vedas, these are Rigveda, 1- Rigveda have 1,017 hymns and 10 Mandals. 2- The Mandal from 2 to 8 are the oldest while, the first and last Mandal are new in origin, due to difference in there language and nature. 3- The famous Prushukta hymn is

The election of The Secretary General of UN Antonio Guterres is now going to 9th Secretary general of un, earlier h served as Portugal’s PM, and then worked as UN High commissioner for refugees. Te UN was established in 1945, and the general secretary described as chief administrative officer. What is Selection Process 1- The nations send their application of candidates to UN Secueity council, but Permanent member don’t send there application to avoid further concentration of power, the UNSC consist of 15 members 2- Than the UNSC conduct some “Straw Polls” to decide and figure out the most supported and favored candidate, here the members have three option to follow, that are (a) encourage a candidate (b) discourage the candidate (c) no- opinion. 3- If any permanent member gives discourage vote, it is final veto on his name. 4- The contenders should garner 10 out of 15 votes to move further. 5- After this, his name is sent to UNGA, where its 193 members vote for his name, and g

PROJECT MAUSAM In the both project government will emphasis and try to revive old and ancient routes of Trade and Business between India and world, first we will tell you about Project Mausam and than about the Spice route initiative. PROJECT MAUSAM Word Mausam or Arabic word “Mawsin” refers to season, when air assist ships in sailing comfortably, it is a wind system of Indian ocean, the wind blows to south west between May to September and to north east between November to march. This project is under Ministry of culture, under the supervision of ASI and the Indra Gandhi national centre of art as the research unit, which help in assisting the plan, the plan was suggested by the MR. Ravinder Singh, this is also nominated for the UNESCO heritage list too. In the past, the sailor coming from the east Africa ad Arabian area or the from middle east, will use these winds to sail down to India, to carry out the trade with Indians people, based on it the government launched this project

IMF  International Monetary Fund, this was established in 1944, but came with full rules and regulations on 27 December, 1945. Its current office is at Washington DC and its current MD is Christina Legard from France. Background The world was badly ravaged by the Second World War, when it came to existence, to permote the idea of globalization and closeness of economy between the Nation to lead to a glorious future. Main functions of IMF 1- It first task is to build closer relations between the economies and to assist in monetary cooperation. 2- To provide member states financial resources in the case of mal-adjustment in their Balance of Payment 3- Its main agenda is to abolish the hurdles and obstacles in the economic liberalizations. 4- To help in stabilization of exchange rates and to maintain good exchange arrangement. 5- After signing of EFF treaty, which means Extended Fund Facility, members can borrow money.   The body of IMF It have board of directors, in this i

GEOLOGICAL PERIODS Whole geological history is divided into major and minor periods, which have their own characteristics; geologist has split the history into them, and these period forms hierarchy of division. Eons and Era are larger periods while, epochs and ages are small periods The spiral system representing the whole geological and geomorphic history together is called geological clock. PRECAMBARIAN PERIOD 1- Range about 700 million years before present. 2- Earth changed from the gaseous to liquid stage. 3- Outer crust was formed. 4- Dense atmosphere was formed. 5- Due to perpetual rainfall and precipitation, the rivers and sea were formed, because all depression were filled by them. 6- During this period only marine grass was evolved. 7- In  warm water some soft body invertebrates were evolved. Other than this the earth was not much full of organism.   CAMBARIAN PERIOD 1- This  ranges from 600 to 500 before present. 2- There was now shallow oceans, due to coni

FICCI Proposal This was a proposal propounded by the Federation of Indian chambers of commerce and industry, under the chairmanship of the N R Shankar in 1934. In background, the world was fascinated by the working of planned economy, where government interferes and work for uplifting of every section of the society. Under this proposal, the capitalist class found representation, it was like voice of them, the capitalists, every measure was suggested which in turn can help, assist and uplift the Indian business or industrial class. In proposal, they backed and demanded for a central and powerful body like, planning commission, which should determine and lead the industrial sector. And all these recommendations were aspiring for strong and steady growth of Indian industries.   Bombay Plan Titled as “A plan of economic development in India” was report was published in fiscal year of 1944-45, by a report by industrial class to government It was made by numerous capitalist leader

Provision of 1909 act. There was numerous causes which prompted Britishers to present some reforms under the 1909 Government of India, we are going to only discuss about the provisions. The strength of Central Legislature was raised to 69 members. Under this 37 were official and 32 were to be non official. ~Under the Official (37) 9 ex. Officials 28 nominated members. ~ Under Non-official (32) 27 elected < UNDER IT  (2) member from Bengal and Bombay chamber of commerce, (13) from general, (12) are to class representatives like, Muslim (6) and Landlord (6). 5 nominated by Governor General.  ~ The membership of Provincial councils were also increased, like Assam and east Bengal= 41 Burma = 16 Bengal = 52 Madras = 47 Bombay=47 United province= 47 Punjab= 25 Some other right which were given to the member of central assembly were, - Right to discuss and ask supplementary questions in imperial and provincial assembly - The government will give answer to them, they can

J S Mill on Plural Voting ~One vote should not be counted, but should be weighted, for this, the society and electing people should be divided into groups. ~According to JS Mill the intelligent and virtuous people vote is more important and valued than the fool and dumb man vote. ~JS mill advocates the grading of the people, on basis of their caliber. ~The plural vote will help and assist the educated and responsible class, and will save it from the fury of the illiterate and less virtues people,, mediocrity. ~The vote value should be determined by the, education qualification, property and how much tax they pay, by this only responsible people, will get chance to vote and to govern. For governing a state, the people should be have, mental culture and moral quality. ~The system was used in the Belgium till 1921, the educated vote was added as more valued than others. ~We can say, that J S Mill expounded such theory, because from young age he was, well educated and he regarded h

1- Sanyasi Movement 1770-1820 2- wahabi Movement 1800 - 1857 3- Santhal Movement 1856 4- Bijoliya Movement 1897-1920 5- Eka Movement 1920's 6- Rampa Movement 1922-24 7- Champaran Movement 1917 8- Kheda Movement 1918 9- Moplah Movement 1920-22 10- Tebhaga Movement 1946-47 11- Kisan Sabha by Shahajanand          1936 12- Bhoodan Movement 1951 by Vinobha Bhave Tribal movement Santhal Movement 1855-56 Birsa Munda 1874-1900 Bhumij Movement 1833-34 Chuar Revolt 1768-69 and 1799 Kol Revolt 1820-1821 Gudem Rampa 1879-1924 Zeliangrang Movement And Kuka Movement of 1927 to 1919, which was related to Religion more than peasant cause.  THANKYOU FOR VISITING US, FOR ANY SUGGESTIONS, CORRECTION OR QUERY, PLEASE COMMENT.  REGARD ADMIN IAS KAS J&K

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'!                -Audrey Hepburn ~ It is 1st of December, the last Month of 2016! Lets introspect ourselves and find, where are we heading to?  What we think, we become.                -Buddha ~ Be Positive always, what is happening around is transient in nature! Good days are at our door. Keep Your head High!  I walk slowly  but Never backward.                - Abraham Lincoln Note:- By New Year, we are going to have some changes in this Blog, some posts and content is going to be altered or Removed, but new stuff is going to be gushed into the Blog, which will enrich your crux of knowledge. Have a wonderful Month ahead.  THANKYOU .

Aristotle Views on Slavery Aristotle is regarded as father of political science, for  his empirical way of understanding and realist approach, rather than utopian Plato, his teacher. Aristotle, define property as non-living like house, land etc and animate like Slaves, according to Aristotle, slaves are essential for survival of a fit system. Aristotle, maintain that a slave is to be ruled full of despotism and should be exhausted for all manual works, to let his owner a more leisure time. ARISTOTLE JUSTICATION OF SLAVERY BY SAYING IT NATURAL 1- First of all he regards slavery as NATURAL, according to him inferior bow down to superior, women to men, animal to men and in this same manner, slave is made to bow down to his owner. 2-  Nature had endowed, every man with different virtues and quality, some are dumb and fool, while some are far more incredible in quality of virtue, so by it Aristotle defend slavery. 3- Everything have a pre determined function to do, like eyes are to

INDIAN RLV  ISRO had successfully tested the India’s first reusable launch vehicle, on 23 march 2016. During the flight critical technologies were used and experimented like, Autonomous  navigation system,  thermal protection, re-entry mission program, and all was successfully tested. India have its own launchers under use as, 1- SLV 2- ASLV 3- PSLV 4- GSLV 5- LVM or GSLV mark 3 ( FUTURE) The RLV is program under which the travelling to space will be cheap to an extent, and it will be reliable too and gives on demand access to space. The vehicle was tested to survive a re entry at very high speed, the program had taken about 5 years to complete, and sum of about 95 crore rupees to complete. On 23 march the 10 minute test was successful, the plane had also landed in bay of Bengal, the mission was a feat for ISRO.  It was conducted on the RLV TD which means Technological demonstrator, which was liftoff  to 70 km upward and than descented and landed in bay of Bengal, where it disintegrate

Highest Award - Bharat Ratna Highest Gallantry Award - Param Vir Chakra Longest River in India - The Ganges Longest Tributary river of India- Yamuna Largest Fresh water Lake- Wular Lake, Kashmir Largest Lake (Saline Water) - Chilka Lake, Orrisa Largest Man-Made Lake Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam) Largest Fresh Water Lake - Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh) Highest Lake- Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand) Highest Peak - Karkoram-2 of K-2(8,611 meters) (POK) Highest Peak in the world - Mount Everest (Nepal) Largest Populated City- Mumbai Largest State(Area)- Rajasthan Largest State(Population) -Uttar Pradesh Highest rainfall -Cherrapunji (426 inches per annum) Meghalaya Highest Watefall-  Nohkalikai Falls (335 meters, 1100 ft high) in Shora State wise largest area under forest- Madhya Pradesh Largest Delta - Sunderbans Delta (Bengal) Largest River without Delta-  Narmada and Tapti (western Coast) Longest Cantilever Span bridge- Howrah Bridge (Kolkata) Longest Rive

Turkestan This desert is  situated  central Asian place Turkestan, which is totally different from the country of Turkmenistan.   Turkish peoples regards it as there home place. The desert here is very  cold and home to gerbils, tortoises, and gazelles. Taklamakan This is situated near China and Mangoliya, this desert lies in the  rain shadow zone of the Himalayas and remain dry most part of the year , the Takla Makan Desert is  very cold climate.  There are many oasis, which lead to formation of some towns midst of it. Namib It is situated near  southern  eastern Africa, the Namib Desert is known for its cold temperatures caused by the Benguela Cold current which travel along with its coast. Iranian The Iranian Desert, it have many marshes and  often lead to many  seasonal lakes, which later disappear,  This is due to the runoff in the near mountains. Sand storms often hit these area, there are many sand dunes, which are big too. Greenland Greenland is famous , beca

Yangtze River   The Yangtze River, also referred to as Chang Jiang, is third  longest river in world, It spansover  6,418 km,  beginning from the Geladaindong Peak, near the Tibetan Plateau inside the province of Qinghai, the river travel in  eastward to Southwest direction, and it discharge into the East China Sea near Shanghai,  besides its lenght the river have a long cultural, Social and economical history. On this River, three Gorge Dam is built, which is one of the biggest Dam and attract lakhs of tourist too. Yenesei The total length of this river is about 3,442 miles. It is ranked fifth longest river in the world while its second in Asia. The river originates near mountains inMongolia, than it flow northward and enter Russia, and this river reach Yenesei Gulf.  This river is very fetile in fishery and aquatic plants, and have commercial importance, many new Hydroelectric Dams are constructed over it. Huang He or Yellow River  It is also known as the Sorrow of China  and

This is a conversation between the Shahid Iqbal and Board, what they asked? How He answered them? All is here! Please read it carefully to enrich your pool of knowledge.  I entered the room and wished the Chairman and members, collectively, a good afternoon. The Chairman Mr I M G Khan smilingly welcomed and offered me the seat. I thanked him and took the seat. Khan: What’s your correct name? is it SHAID or SHAHID: SI: Sir, it’s Shahid but in matriculation records it was wrongly entered as SHAID so I quoted the same for CSE Khan: Ha Ha…Some Babu must have done that. It happens. But there is a procedure to get it changed too? SI: Yes Sir, I did that recently and have submitted the revised document now. Khan: What is the difference between Shaheed and Shahid? SI: Sir, Shaheed is Martyr and Shahid is Witness. Khan: That’s nice. See how a single alphabet changes the meaning of name. So, Shahid appeared to me as “Perhaps” but you are witness? SI: (SMILING), Sir Kha

A London branch of Al India Muslim League was published in 1908 under the presidency of: (a) Liaquat Al Khan (b) M.A. Jinnath (c) Aga Khan (d) Ameer Ali Explanation: A London branch of the All India Muslim League was established in 1908 under the presidency of Ameer Ali to put pressure on British Government for Muslims cause. Ans- (d)   The President of Indian National Congress at the time of partition of India was: (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) C. Rajagopalachari (c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (d) J.B. Kripalani Explanation: At the partition of India, the Congress President was J.B. Kripalani, who was Congress President from December 1946 to December 1947. Ans- (d)   Assertion (A): The effect of labour participation in the Indian nationalist upsurge of the early 1930s was weak. Reason (R): the labour leaders considered the ideology of India National Congress as bourgeois and reactionary. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are

11 May is celebrated as National Technology Day in India, since 1999. On this day India had achieved three feats, Successful conducting of Pokhran Launching of Trishul Missile Hansa 3 own indigenous aircraft of India was launched. All these were regarded as milestone in Indian step in the field of Technology, and more precisely the Native Indigenous Technology. 

It is a step to change demographic surplus into a demographic divident. the Ministry of Rural Development enacted  Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kausalya Yojna (DDU-GKY) for  inclusive growth of all in nation,  by developing and nurturing there  skills, Quality and positive capacity of the rural youth, who are unemployed and are from needy families.  In India there is abundance of Resources whether Human or Natural, and the youth can be turned into productive component of Society by encouraging and inculcating the skills, which will help Indian Economy too. Due to Liberal policy of Recent government starting from 1991 to till today, the India has emerged as potential Manufacturing Hub of The Entire world, and for this We need rampant Skillfull labours. In the Census of  2011, we found that India has 55 million potential workers between the age group of 15 and 35 years only in the  rural area. And according to many surveys, the world is going to face serious shortage of 57 million wo

The Gurdwara Reform Movement (Gurdwara Sudhar Lehr) is the Legislation passed by the Punjab Legislative Council which marked the culmination of the struggle of the Sikh people from 1920-1925 to wrest control of their places of worship from the mahants or priests into whose hands they had passed during the eighteenth century

HISTORY Formed on 14 December 1920 Formed as Shrimoni Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee, and played active role in "Gurudwara Reform movement" from 1920 to 1925. Which leaded to Formation of SGPC and removal of Udasi Mahants from Gurudwara. Initially leaded by Urban middle class, later on garnered wide base in rural area too. First president was Sarmukh Singh Chubbal. But Under leadership of Master Tara singh and Fateh Singh, became more strong and remarkable. In 1950, propounded theory of "Pubjabi Suba" which mean Punjabi Province.  In 1966, Indira led government accepted their demand and Punjabi Speaking area carved out of Haryana and Pahadi area of Himachal Pardesh, and Punjab was formed.  IDEOLOGY Communal Based party, but believes in Democracy. Believes in Development programmes and uplifting of poors. Proudly carry, concepts of Punjabiyat Sikhism Punjabi Nationalism Currently led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. Influence in Pubjab (currently running gove

Following is the content of Law as written in the Constitution. ~ adding of new article 21A- After article 21 of the Constitution, the following article shall be Added, namely:- Right to Education, 21A. The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine." ~ Substitution of new article for article 45- For article 45 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:- . "Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years." "45. The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years." ~Amendment of article 51A- In article 51A of the Constitution, after clause (J), the following clause shall be added, namely:- "(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the

India has experienced persistent and high food inflation in the recent past. What could be the reasons? (2011) 1. Due to a gradual switchover to the cultivation of commercial crops, the area under the cultivation of food grains has steadily decreased in the last five years by about 30%. 2. As a consequence of increasing incomes, the consumption patterns of the % people have undergone a significant change. 3. The food supply chain has structural constraints. Which of the statements given above1 are correct? (a.) 1 and 2 only (b.) 2 and 3 only (c.) 1 and 3 only (d.) 1, 2 and 3 Solution (b) In terms of economy, the visit by foreign nationals to witness the XIX Common Wealth Games in India amounted to(2011) (a.) Export (b.) Import (c.) Production (d.)Consumption Solution (a) Which one of the following statements appropriately describes the “fiscal stimulus”?(2011) (a.) It is a massive investment by the Government in manufacturing sector to ensure the