Geological Periods And Epochs

GEOLOGICAL PERIODS

Whole geological history is divided into major and minor periods, which have their own characteristics; geologist has split the history into them, and these period forms hierarchy of division.

Eons and Era are larger periods while, epochs and ages are small periods

The spiral system representing the whole geological and geomorphic history together is called geological clock.

PRECAMBARIAN PERIOD

1- Range about 700 million years before present.

2- Earth changed from the gaseous to liquid stage.

3- Outer crust was formed.

4- Dense atmosphere was formed.

5- Due to perpetual rainfall and precipitation, the rivers and sea were formed, because all depression were filled by them.

6- During this period only marine grass was evolved.

7- In  warm water some soft body invertebrates were evolved.

Other than this the earth was not much full of organism.

 

CAMBARIAN PERIOD

1- This  ranges from 600 to 500 before present.

2- There was now shallow oceans, due to conitinues rainfall.

3- The climate was kind of warm and uniform, on throughout the earth surface.

4- The evolution of creatures and life was still, confined to the ocean only.

5- About 1000 species were evolved there, in ocean.

6- Still, during this time there was no life on the earth surface.

ORDOVICIAN PERIOD

1- This PERIOD ranges from 500 BP to 440 mya BP.

2- The process of mountain making started.

3- The vulcanite was active.

4- Only animals were the vertebrates.

5- Many shallow sea became dry.

6- The weather was warm.

SILURIAN PERIOD

1- This  ranges from the 500 million year ago before present to 400 MYA BP.

2- The sea water level raised.

3- The rate of vulacanity reduced during this period.

4- First time, some leafless plants evolved on the land also.

5- The corals were also evolved during this time.

Life on the land just started first time.

DEVONIAN PERIOD

1- This  ranges from 400mya to 350mya.

2- There was active volcanoes and mountain building was also rapid.

3- Vertebrates and fishes evolved further.

4- Vegetation also evolved vivdly.

5- There was high rate of erosion.

 

 

CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD

1- This  ranges from the 350mya to 270mya.

2- There was many small seas and oceans.

3- Most of the present Europe was submerged in water.

4- In northern hemisphere, there were evidences of coal formation.

5- Reptiles were also started to evolved y this time.   

 

PERMIAN PERIOD

1- This  ranged from 270mya to 235mya before present.

2- There was wide tectonic movement.

3- In the northern hemisphere, there was advent of glacial period too.

TRIASSIC PERIOD

1- This ranges from 225 to 180mya before present.

2- Lobsters were evolved and reptiles further evolved.

3- There was wide dry and warm weather at that time.

4- Land was dominated by the reptiles.

5- Flies and termite also evolved.

JURASSIC PERIOD

1- This  ranged from 180mya to 135mya.

2- Land was dominated by the swamps and forests.

3- There was re extension of sea area.

4- Due to denudational process the mountains eroded badly and became, small hillocks.

5- There was abundant of rainfall during that time.

6- Flowering plants were first time evolved during this age.

CRETACIOUS PERIOD

1- This extended from 135mya to 70mya.

2- Deltas were formed, rate of rivers were sluggish.

3- Again the mountain building was active.

4- The vulcanity was again active.

5- Indian peninsula was covered by the Basaltic lava.

6- This period was dominated by the dinosaurs.

 

EPOCH

The epoch is longer than an age while shorter than period, we are currently living in Holocene epoch of quaternary period.

Rock deposited during these period are called Series.

EOCENE EPOCH

1- This ranges from 70mya to 40mya before present.

2- Whales and sea cows were evolved.

3- Formation of Himalaya started during this epoch.

4- The animal like, horses, pigs, rhinoceros and elephant evolved.

 

OLEGOCENE EPOCH

1- This ranges from 40mya to 25mya.

2- There was decrease in ocean areas.

3- The formation of Alps started.

4- There was warm and high temperature.

5- Onset of cold climate also.

6- Apes were evolved.

 

MIOCENE EPOCH

1- This ranges from 25mya to 11mya before present.

2- There was strong earth movement.

3- There was high rate of denudation.

4- The lesser Himalaya and greater Himalayas were evolved.

5- The climate was kind of humid.

 

PLEOCENE EPOCH

1- This ranges from the 11 million to 1 million year ago before present.

2- Ocean and sea retained there present position.

3- Black sea, arabaian sea were formed.

4- The Shiwaliks mountains were formed.

 

PLEISTOCENE EPOCH

1- 1mya to 10,000 year before present.

2- The ice age begins.

3- Lakes were formed.

 

HOLOCENE EPOCH

1- This epoch ranges from 10,000 years to till date!

2- Many things actually during this time, like more evolution of human beings!

 

 

THANKYOU FOR READING OUR POST. WE WELCOMES YOUR ALL SUGGESTIONS AND QUERY IN COMMENT SECTION, REGARDS FROM IAS KAS J&K TEAM.

SUBSCRIBE US!