Tribes of India

Tribes of India 

India is  a diverse country with ,  many languages, ethnicities , creeds , castes  , religions .  india is a prime example of unity and diversity . in idndia we can see various  tribes from  different parts of the country  in different states . in india tribes are called as schedule tribes they are the aboriginals or indigineous people of this land , they usually live in isolation mostly in the  upper reaches of mountains or in accessible parts of the  dense forests . they are least exposed to morden or outer society , they have their own  set of  ethinic groups ,  with different religious  beliefs , diverse racial features  and languages .

 In india they constitute   8.6% of total population of 1.25 billion . acc to 1961 census at that time there were  about 360 tribes in india but  now  acc to new survey of 2011 it raised to  425 in numbers .

 They inhabit one of the most inaccessible  , in dense forests  on the mountains , like  in rajmahal hills  , satpura range , vindhyan ranges , shota Nagpur  in central india .

In nigiri hills , cardamom hills , and syadaris  in southern  part of india. In upper Himalayas , middle Himalayas , shiwalics in northern part of country .  In purvanchal hills  or northeast region .

Some major tribes of india

GOND   :

 with population of 8 million gondies  they constitute as the majority tripe in india , scattered in state of chattisgarh , Jharkhand , Orissa , Madhya Pradesh ,  andhra Pradesh , gujrat Maharashtra , and west Bengal . they speek gondi language  , they are dark in complexion  , hav snubby nose thick lips , short stature and lightly build .

They are animist by faith , and  worship family  deity but they are hinduised . polygamy  is rampant  and divorce is simle  to get . they have  afacility of ghotal  or youth house  where young boy and girls can have physical relation prior to marriage .

BHIL   :

they have population of 6 million people , found mostly in state of  rajasthan  Madhya Pradesh gujtrat etc . they are very skilled  archers . eklavya is believed to be member of tthis tribe . their language is variant of rajasthani language  they are  engaged in agriculture  , hunting and food gathering  . they are divided into “41 sept “ they  are hinduised .

SANTHAL :

they have Dravidian origin  have population of 6million .  they speack sandhali , in kolchakra script .  widow remarriage allowed , have punchayat system for civil cases , society is patriachial by nature , and animist by faith .  they are dependent of agriculture .  found in district of santhal pargana , bardhaman , bakura , girdi  etc .

NAGAS  : 

2 million population  , found in  northeast India . 90% in Nagaland , vital share of population in Manipur , Assam and Meghalaya .  their official language is English , 85% are engaged in agricultural activities  and shifting  cultivation (Jhuming )

. animist by faith , but now Christians by large .  very modern society 

THARUS :

1.20 lakh population found in utter Pradesh and utarakhand , inhabit tarai range . cultivation , hunting and gathering is their main occupation . have mongoloid features , women enjoy high status .

TODA : 

fond in nilgiris  in tamil nadu  and in karnool in Karnataka . they are pastoral and nomadic people , have fraternal polyandre  all brothers marries to one girl . they are animist by faith but now many of them converted in Christians .

OTHERS

 Gujjar , Bakerwal , Lakhadis , in Jammu and Kashmir ,  Gaddi in Himachapradesh , Meena in R

ajasthan , Munda in Jharkhand , Bodo in Assam , Garo , Khasi in Meghalaya , Lepcha , Dafla, and Lushai in northeast .

Tribal development programs

1 Tribal sub plan TSP 

2 Tribal research institute 

3  National tribal  policy

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