Drainage system of Jammu and Kashmir : explained

Drainage system of Jammu Kashmir
In Jammu and Kashmir, there is abundance of rivers and many rivulets, some are perennial while some are not. Due mountain and snowfall, here in jammu Kashmir, there are many rivers, which are fed by rain in summer and than by accumulated snows of high reaches. Just like Tawi, which have origin in Kailash Kund in upper ranges and the Jhelum which originated from the Panjal ranges or precisely the Verinag or Veth Vatru. These all rivers travel from east toward the south west and most of them end up in Pakistan and later reaches their main river or sea.
What is drainage system?
Drainage system in geomorphology simply means the river system.
There are many pattern are formed by the rivers, rivulets and lakes, which are effected by the soft or hard rocks, which actually determine the course of the river.
Drainage roughly means, under it the water is carried by the river or the rivulets toward the sea or some lake and in some case to the ponds.
-Some forms of drainage system are as follow:-
Dendritic drainage pattern
Parallel drainage pattern
Rectangular drainage pattern.
Radial drainage pattern.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE
It can be discussed by dividing into three headings like rivers in jammu , Kashmir and Ladakh.
But the students appearing in university exams can even divide further them by dividing them on the basis of their nature whether they are permanent or temporary.
Major rivers in jammu :-
The Chenab
The Tawi
The Ravi
The Ujh
The Mannawar Tawi
Basantar


Major Rivers in Kashmir:-
The Jhelum
Liddar
Sindh nallaha
Doodh ganga
Kishanganga
Sukhnag

Major rivers in Ladakh:-
The Indus
Shyok
Nubra
The shigar
Zanskar
Suru
MAJOR RIVERS: BRIEF DISCRIPTION
Jhelum river:- this river is originated in foothills of Panjal ranges, near Verinag spring or Veth-Vatru. The river than travel northward from Anantnag than drain into the Wular lake and than reemerged and travel in west direction and than through Baramulla George it enter into POK or Azad Kashmir areas.
The Jhelum is navigable from Khanabal to Barmulla, which distance of 170km, in simple terms it means, small ships can be used for sail over it.
The main tributaries of the Jhelum are Vishau, Rembiar, Sukhnag, Dhoodhganga, Liddar and many more. The Jhelum is prime river in whole Kashmir history and culture. In Pakistan north Punjab, one district is named after the river.

Chenab River :- the Chenab river is originated from the Himahal Pardesh in Baralacha glacier, there it is divide into two streams that’s Chandra and Bhaga, both meet each other near Tandi in Himchal and became Chandrabhaga. Than it enter into the jammu and Kashmir near Padder in kishatwar, and than through kishatwar, Bhadrwah, Doda, Riasi, Ramban and Akhnoor it travel across the jammu division. Near Akhnoor it enter into plains, and than reaches into Pakistan. Many hydro power project are being contracted on this river, like the Doolhasti, Bagliharr, Salal and more are coming up over it.

Indus River:- it rises near Senggkhamb  glacier near the holy Mansarvoar lake in Tibbet china , than through narrow but deep gorges it enter and travel through Ladakh. It is 700km long in length. It is joined By Shyok, Shigar and many more small rivers, this river help for agriculture in Leh area of Ladakh.

Ravi river:- this river rises in near Rohtang pass in Himchal Pardesh than travel in Pangi valley and near Billawar-Basohli  in Kathua district , and travel between the Punjab and jammu and Kashmir, kathua city is situated near its left bank.
Later this river enter Pakistan and than after joining small rivers like Basnatar Bein and Ujh it come backs into Gurudaspur district in Indian Punjab and again go back into Pakistan.
Ranjit Sagar dam is built over it .

Tawi river:- it originated near Kailash Kund in Bhadrwah, and than travel toward Jammu ,thrgh Dudu Basnatgarh, Chenneni and Udhampur, it is about 120 km long.
It don’t carry much water but during Monsoon or rainy season it can create havoc in jammu city, this river is lifeline of jammu and centre to the dogra culture but is badly polluted.

Kishanganga River :- Kishanganga is major river of east Kashmir passing through Neelam valley between the Indian Kashmir and Pakistan Kashmir. much  of the Neelam valley is covered with the forest which is very dense. The are it passes through are Gurez sector, Burzabal, Tilai and in Pakistan Kashmir it merged with the Jelum River.
The valley formed by it is very magnificent and beautiful.
CONCLUSION
There are many rivers in jammu and kashir which provides enormous possibilities for hydroelectric plants and for tourist activities, but still these sources are untapped due to many reasons.
These rivers are badly polluted due to sewage and industrial discharges like in kathua or basnatr in samba and Jhelum in Kashmir. Wular lake is also badly threatened due to man activities.

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